2 September 02, 2016
Articles and Statements
1. Valery I. Glazko, Gleb Yu. Kosovsky, Tatina T. Glazko
Distribution of Potential Non-Canonical DNA Motif in Proviral DNA Genes of the Avian Influenza and Bovine Leukemia Retroviruses
International Journal of Environmental Problems, 2016, Vol. (4), Is. 2, pp. 89-98.
Number of views: 2030 Download in PDF
2. Valery P. KalinitchenkoInternational Journal of Environmental Problems, 2016, Vol. (4), Is. 2, pp. 89-98.
Abstract:
A comparative analysis of distributional density of the DNA regions potentially predisposed to quadruplex formation was conducted on proviral DNA encoding hemagglutenin (HA) and neuroaminidase (NA) of the avian influenza virus, and also on the env and pol genes of bovine leukemia virus. We discovered that increased genetic heterogeneity of the HA gene coincides with the high frequency of appearance of nucleotide sequences predisposed to G4 quadruplex formation compared to the NA gene. Similar tendency was observed during the comparison of distribution of potential G4 quadruplexes in the env and pol genes of the bovine leukemia virus. Data obtained allowed to suppose that non-overlapping sequences with relatively heightened predisposition to G-quadruplex formation can reflect, to a large extend, recombination events. And variable sequences can reflect the nucleotide context that contributes to appearance of new mutations. In the present article we discuss possible connection between increased density of non-canonical nucleotide structures in genes, products of which interact with receptors of target cells, and their genetic heterogeneity supported in the host-pathogen system.
A comparative analysis of distributional density of the DNA regions potentially predisposed to quadruplex formation was conducted on proviral DNA encoding hemagglutenin (HA) and neuroaminidase (NA) of the avian influenza virus, and also on the env and pol genes of bovine leukemia virus. We discovered that increased genetic heterogeneity of the HA gene coincides with the high frequency of appearance of nucleotide sequences predisposed to G4 quadruplex formation compared to the NA gene. Similar tendency was observed during the comparison of distribution of potential G4 quadruplexes in the env and pol genes of the bovine leukemia virus. Data obtained allowed to suppose that non-overlapping sequences with relatively heightened predisposition to G-quadruplex formation can reflect, to a large extend, recombination events. And variable sequences can reflect the nucleotide context that contributes to appearance of new mutations. In the present article we discuss possible connection between increased density of non-canonical nucleotide structures in genes, products of which interact with receptors of target cells, and their genetic heterogeneity supported in the host-pathogen system.
Number of views: 2030 Download in PDF
Optimizing the Matter Flow in Biosphere and the Climate of the Earth at the Stage of Technogenesis by Methods of Biogeosystem Technique (Problem-Analytical Review)
International Journal of Environmental Problems, 2016, Vol. (4), Is. 2, pp. 99-130.
Number of views: 2065 Download in PDF
3. Fedor N. Lisetskii, Alexander V. Matsibora, Vitaliy I. PichuraInternational Journal of Environmental Problems, 2016, Vol. (4), Is. 2, pp. 99-130.
Abstract:
Financial instruments have a limited operation in the border states of the Earth and its geosphere in a conflict of biosphere and technology. Natural and man-made flow of substances in the biosphere is in the state of unmanaged feedback mode, resulting in a high probability of a positive feedback and a devastating avalanche processes in the geospheres. Return of fossil substance which belonged to the biosphere of the past geological periods in the modern biosphere is unsatisfactory in terms of stimulating the biological process. Technical capabilities allow civilization to implement the principles of the noosphere. It is necessary to control and correct the drivers of geospheres to provide proactive feedback and steady evolution of the Earth. Global function of pedosphere, its impact on the atmosphere, hydrosphere, lithosphere, and biosphere, strengthens the Biogeosystem Technique which provides in the noosphere the transcendental technical solutions and technology management of biogeochemical cycles in gaseous, liquid, and solid phase. Are achieved the environmentally safe recycling of particulate matter in disperse soil layer of 20–50 cm, resources and food increase, consistent solution of production and environmental problems of the noosphere in the united technological cycle. Biogeosystem Technique allows utilization of CO2 in photosynthesis, weakening anthropogenic ocean acidification; get by the process of photosynthesis the ionized oxygen to improve the CH4 and N2O oxidation conditions in the soil, atmosphere and water. Biogeosystem Technique provides the priority conditions for obtaining energy in photosynthesis, the expanded reproduction of the Earth's resources, management of albedo, regulation of the hydrological cycle of the Earth on the basis of intra-soil pulse continual-discrete irrigation paradigm. Biogeosystem Technique enhances the flow of matter in the biosphere, gives gain of biological products and biological capacity. The living space will be increased in the world, increased the probability of survival of life and its quality, the prospect of development by increasing the stability of the geospheres and correction of Earth's climate fluctuations.
Financial instruments have a limited operation in the border states of the Earth and its geosphere in a conflict of biosphere and technology. Natural and man-made flow of substances in the biosphere is in the state of unmanaged feedback mode, resulting in a high probability of a positive feedback and a devastating avalanche processes in the geospheres. Return of fossil substance which belonged to the biosphere of the past geological periods in the modern biosphere is unsatisfactory in terms of stimulating the biological process. Technical capabilities allow civilization to implement the principles of the noosphere. It is necessary to control and correct the drivers of geospheres to provide proactive feedback and steady evolution of the Earth. Global function of pedosphere, its impact on the atmosphere, hydrosphere, lithosphere, and biosphere, strengthens the Biogeosystem Technique which provides in the noosphere the transcendental technical solutions and technology management of biogeochemical cycles in gaseous, liquid, and solid phase. Are achieved the environmentally safe recycling of particulate matter in disperse soil layer of 20–50 cm, resources and food increase, consistent solution of production and environmental problems of the noosphere in the united technological cycle. Biogeosystem Technique allows utilization of CO2 in photosynthesis, weakening anthropogenic ocean acidification; get by the process of photosynthesis the ionized oxygen to improve the CH4 and N2O oxidation conditions in the soil, atmosphere and water. Biogeosystem Technique provides the priority conditions for obtaining energy in photosynthesis, the expanded reproduction of the Earth's resources, management of albedo, regulation of the hydrological cycle of the Earth on the basis of intra-soil pulse continual-discrete irrigation paradigm. Biogeosystem Technique enhances the flow of matter in the biosphere, gives gain of biological products and biological capacity. The living space will be increased in the world, increased the probability of survival of life and its quality, the prospect of development by increasing the stability of the geospheres and correction of Earth's climate fluctuations.
Number of views: 2065 Download in PDF
Reconstruction of Paleoclimatic Conditions of the Second Half of the Holocene on the Results of the Study of Buried and Floodplain Soils in the South of the East European Plain
International Journal of Environmental Problems, 2016, Vol. (4), Is. 2, pp. 131-148.
Number of views: 2141 Download in PDF
International Journal of Environmental Problems, 2016, Vol. (4), Is. 2, pp. 131-148.
Abstract:
The purpose of the study was the reconstruction of palaeoclimatic conditions of the second half of the Holocene on the results of the study of floodplain soils and qualitative composition of humus in the chronological series of buried soils in the south of the East European Plain. Database palaeogeographic studies in the steppe of East European plain zone were created. On its basis the analysis of chronological series, which were compiled by the archaeological and radiocarbon dating of automorphic and floodplain soils. It was established 10 stages of formation Subboreal floodplain soils in the territory of Bug, which are mainly related periods of aridity and reducing the intensity of the processes of accumulation of alluvium, while subatlantic Holocene was characterized by a decrease in temperature and increase in humidity. The connection between climate change and soil types in Subboreal and subatlantic Holocene was analyzed. According to the results of comprehensive research palaeopedological three main lines of evolution of soils over the past 5000 years have been found. Spatial and temporal variations of the Holocene soil types due to the dynamics of hydrothermal climate indicators, which led to the displacement of natural areas to the north in subboreal and south — in Sub-Atlantic. In the south the East European Plain in automorphic soil conditions climatically favorable conditions identified during periods of 7-5 thousand. Liters. n. and 2200–1300 liters. n. The most notable aridity in the Late pedogenesis stories emerged in the V century. BC. e. The mathematical relationship between the indicators such as the value of total annual energy costs on soil formation, climate assessment of intra-building (through the duration of the biological activity of the period) and production plants have been developed. This helps to explain the zonal features of display of soil-forming process and, in particular, the formation of qualitative composition of humus (the ratio humic and fulvic acids). Applying established spatial differences of soil and climate on the interim status, climatically conditioned stages of pedogenesis in the Holocene history of automorphic soils were identified. Conducted a comprehensive study palaeopedological Holocene pedogenesis soil formations different stages within the autonomous position of the relief and in river valleys allows us to solve a number of fundamental problems of soil development history, to determine the direction of their evolutionary development, to establish the general trends of soil properties changes in space-time aspect. The results of the study at different times of soil can be used to build predictive models of soil development trends in the context of climate change on the basis of knowledge about the past, for the reconstruction of the living conditions of ancient man, as well as to determine the extent of anthropogenic load on soil.
The purpose of the study was the reconstruction of palaeoclimatic conditions of the second half of the Holocene on the results of the study of floodplain soils and qualitative composition of humus in the chronological series of buried soils in the south of the East European Plain. Database palaeogeographic studies in the steppe of East European plain zone were created. On its basis the analysis of chronological series, which were compiled by the archaeological and radiocarbon dating of automorphic and floodplain soils. It was established 10 stages of formation Subboreal floodplain soils in the territory of Bug, which are mainly related periods of aridity and reducing the intensity of the processes of accumulation of alluvium, while subatlantic Holocene was characterized by a decrease in temperature and increase in humidity. The connection between climate change and soil types in Subboreal and subatlantic Holocene was analyzed. According to the results of comprehensive research palaeopedological three main lines of evolution of soils over the past 5000 years have been found. Spatial and temporal variations of the Holocene soil types due to the dynamics of hydrothermal climate indicators, which led to the displacement of natural areas to the north in subboreal and south — in Sub-Atlantic. In the south the East European Plain in automorphic soil conditions climatically favorable conditions identified during periods of 7-5 thousand. Liters. n. and 2200–1300 liters. n. The most notable aridity in the Late pedogenesis stories emerged in the V century. BC. e. The mathematical relationship between the indicators such as the value of total annual energy costs on soil formation, climate assessment of intra-building (through the duration of the biological activity of the period) and production plants have been developed. This helps to explain the zonal features of display of soil-forming process and, in particular, the formation of qualitative composition of humus (the ratio humic and fulvic acids). Applying established spatial differences of soil and climate on the interim status, climatically conditioned stages of pedogenesis in the Holocene history of automorphic soils were identified. Conducted a comprehensive study palaeopedological Holocene pedogenesis soil formations different stages within the autonomous position of the relief and in river valleys allows us to solve a number of fundamental problems of soil development history, to determine the direction of their evolutionary development, to establish the general trends of soil properties changes in space-time aspect. The results of the study at different times of soil can be used to build predictive models of soil development trends in the context of climate change on the basis of knowledge about the past, for the reconstruction of the living conditions of ancient man, as well as to determine the extent of anthropogenic load on soil.
Number of views: 2141 Download in PDF
Reviews
4. Michael S. Sokolov
Glazko V.I. Ecology of the XXI century (dictionary of terms). Reference and encyclopedic literature. M.: KURS: INFRA-M 2017. 992 p.
International Journal of Environmental Problems, 2016, Vol. (4), Is. 2, pp. 149-151.
Number of views: 1943 Download in PDF
5. International Journal of Environmental Problems, 2016, Vol. (4), Is. 2, pp. 149-151.
Abstract:
The review considered a new publication of COURSE: INFRA-M publisher – the glossary of terms “Ecology XXI Century”. Are analyzed the characteristics of dictionary organization, are noted a large number of terms and their original author interpretation is proposed, which seems to be useful for understanding the problems of modern ecology and qualified solutions of today’s environmental problems. Are discussed the new edition differences from traditional environmental vocabularies, and the causes of these differences, which are due to detailed in author's representation the semantic content of terms. The dictionary has a strong multidisciplinary essence, reflecting the productive approach of the authors to solve modern problems of environmental quality for the agro-ecosystem, which is declaring by authors repeatedly in the fundamental scientific works, and permeating the entire material of a glossary. The substantiation of the approaches to the assessment and management of ecosphere, soils at the present stage of biosphere development, and the embedded into it an agrarian civilization.
The review considered a new publication of COURSE: INFRA-M publisher – the glossary of terms “Ecology XXI Century”. Are analyzed the characteristics of dictionary organization, are noted a large number of terms and their original author interpretation is proposed, which seems to be useful for understanding the problems of modern ecology and qualified solutions of today’s environmental problems. Are discussed the new edition differences from traditional environmental vocabularies, and the causes of these differences, which are due to detailed in author's representation the semantic content of terms. The dictionary has a strong multidisciplinary essence, reflecting the productive approach of the authors to solve modern problems of environmental quality for the agro-ecosystem, which is declaring by authors repeatedly in the fundamental scientific works, and permeating the entire material of a glossary. The substantiation of the approaches to the assessment and management of ecosphere, soils at the present stage of biosphere development, and the embedded into it an agrarian civilization.
Number of views: 1943 Download in PDF